I found that Node use Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. There's some information about ES6 support here, and here. There's even a switch for V8 options when using Node:
node --v8-options
But none of the options seems to allow the selection of the ECMAScript version.
Moreover here I found the information that few years ago Node supported ES3, but later, with the evolution of V8 it switched to ES5.
Is it possible to force Node to use versions of ECMAScript older than 5-th? Does currently used V8 engine support ES version selection at all?