Following Instagram's video sharing Android Intent. Trivial edit to bypass a chooser and launch Instagram directly. See Gist of relevant code and adb output.
Kit Kat device works as intended, however Nougat device falls to Line#20, launching Play Store, as if Instagram isn't installed.
On both devices Line#14 of ShareDialog's startInstagram() does present a chooser of video-sharing capable apps, including Instagram.
Related code for sharing an image with this same approach works as intended on both devices.
UPDATE 1: Implementing the new ContentProvider approach makes Instagram crash upon launching the share Intent. I'll test sharing video to another social network to see if that works.
UPDATE 2: Turns out Instagram doesn't play nice with
share.setDataAndType(contentUri, "video/*");
.
Setting them seperately, put everything in working order.
share.setType("video/*");
share.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, contentUri);