You mention, "without using any drivers?" According to the Kitchen documentation:
This file uses Vagrant as the driver, which requires no additional configuration because itβs the default driver used by Kitchen
There doesn't seem to be a way to avoid using a driver. However, as long as you don't run any create or destroy commands, you likely could constantly reconverge and test.
I think it's important to keep two things in mind, if you proceed:
You're using the tools against the way they're intended, so future changes are more likely to break your workflow than the typical user's workflow.
You're not truly testing how Chef would behave on a fresh build; you're only testing if you can get from an unknown current state to a desired state. You may very well be unable to build a server from scratch if you don't test it every so often.
If you only want to converge and run tests, considering running the existing testing tools in a standalone way.