Postgres now has parallel queries. Are parallel queries used when the table is partitioned, the query is on the master table, and more than one partitions (child tables) are involved.
For example, I partition by the hour of the day. Then I want to count a type of event over more than one hour. The aggregation can be done on each partition, with the results added up at the end.
The alternative is to use a union between the partitions (child tables). In this case Postgres does parallel execution.