Is there a way to create anchors within a blog post and link to them like one would with html hrefs to an element?
Yes, using html hrefs to an element. The following html code:
<hr>
<h1>Table of contents:</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#goto-1">Chapter 1</a><a id="toc-1"></a></li>
<li><a href="#goto-2">Chapter 2</a><a id="toc-2"></a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<a id="goto-1"></a>
<h1><a href="#toc-1">↑</a> Chapter 1</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</p>
<a id="goto-2"></a>
<h1><a href="#toc-2">↑</a> Chapter 2</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</p>
Can be generated with the following markdown in a post:
---
**Table of contents:**
* [Chapter 1](#goto-1)<a id="toc-1"></a>
* [Chapter 2](#goto-2)<a id="toc-2"></a>
---
<a id="goto-1"></a>**[↑](#toc-1) Chapter 1**
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
<a id="goto-2"></a>**[↑](#toc-2) Chapter 2**
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.