After a couple hours of searching, I found that I had mistakenly detached my HEAD (current directory that I'm in) from my master branch in the process of rebasing and making the commits, so I when I ran
git push --force origin master
git send me a confirmation message but didn't actually apply the changes that I'd made in the branch I was on, only the ones from my master branch. Whether or not one has a detached HEAD can be checked by running
git symbolic-ref HEAD
If it throws an error, then head is detached. Or
git branch
which shows what branch I'm on.
For other Git newbies, the solution was to merge my changes from the detached HEAD to the original branch by using
git branch temp (this creates a branch that is the same as the current repository)
git checkout temp (this attaches HEAD to temp)
git checkout master (moves HEAD back to master)
git merge temp (merges temp with master)
git push --force origin master (overwrites old commits that I've pushed)
More information can be found here: How can I reconcile detached HEAD with master/origin?
Thanks to all the people who answered stuff on this site.