I know you can write apps in c, c++, and java. However I have heard that android also supports scheme, python, lua, and others but never could find it verified or an actual list.
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Possible duplicate of http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1994703/which-programming-languages-can-i-use-on-android-dalvik – Muhammad Shahab Nov 15 '10 at 08:06
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and of http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3316801/which-programming-languages-can-be-used-to-develop-in-android – Muhammad Shahab Nov 15 '10 at 08:06
3 Answers
Here are some that I use on my (unrooted) 2.2 and 2.3 phones (plus pForth from the command line)
Market compilers and interpreters:
- BASIC!+SQL
- Light Basic
- CalcScipt (RPN)
- Clojure REPL
- Android Shell (Beanshell)
- JavaIDEdroid (Java)
- Andjedi (Java)
- Terminal IDE (Java)
- AIDL (Java)
- aDosBox (DOS languages via emulation)
- Android Logo
- Gambit (Scheme)
- GCC and G++ (via command line)
- Tiny C Compiler
- SpiderMonkey (command line javascript)
- Generate (javascript based graphical)
- Processing (javascript based)
- cat (javascript based functional RPN)
- Graphicalc (C interp)
- IProgram (Basic like)
- JoyToy (Basic like)
- Tiny Lisp ISLisproid
- Luarida (Lua)
- Mathscript
- Mobile BASIC
- Mobile Futon (couchdb+javascript server)
- OCaml toplevel for Android
- Pascal
- Pepe (Pascal compiler)
- Retro (javascript based Forth-like)
- Rubuto IRB (jRuby)
- SchemeREPL
- Scheme-droid
- Sharpoid (javascript based)
- Sigmascript (Lua)
- C# to go
- ScriptBlocks (visual,symPy based)
- i-Jetty (servlets using one of the Java compiler systems above)
The languages presently supported by SL4A are Beanshell, Rhino javascript, jRuby, perl,TCL, PHP, Python, ash, Lua, squirrel.

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It seems you are referring to the scripting layer for Android, here is what the Scripting Layer for Android site says about supported languages:
"Python, Perl, JRuby, Lua, BeanShell, JavaScript, Tcl, and shell are currently supported, and we're planning to add more."

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Officially, no
Unofficially, Scala, Scheme and others have modified runtimes and compilers to work on android. Those that compile/translate directly to dex opcodes without too big of 3rd party lib contained in the apk are of course better performance wise.

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There is official support for python, lua, and several other languages. – Falmarri Nov 15 '10 at 15:56
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not from Google sir..and that is the measure of official for this question – Fred Grott Nov 15 '10 at 18:48