The specific difference I encountered was with Unicode strings. First, I initialized a Unicode string with some Unicode characters in it. I then initialized in another variable the encoded Unicode string in UTF-8. Upon printing out both the encoded and the Unicode string, I see the correct string with the correct special characters. However, when I simply enter the variables in the REPL, I do not see this. I am not entirely sure what the REPL is outputting, as Unicode is new to me. This is the input and output to the REPL:
>>> unicode_string = u"Fu\u00dfb\u00e4lle"
>>> encoded = unicode_string.encode('utf-8')
>>> print encoded
Fußbälle
>>> encoded
'Fu\xc3\x9fb\xc3\xa4lle'
>>> print unicode_string
Fußbälle
>>> unicode_string
u'Fu\xdfb\xe4lle'
Please bear with me if I misused any terminology, this whole concept of encodings and abstract representations of characters is extremely new to me.