This will work assuming dates are no repeated and there is no gap in between them either.
--Sample data as provided. This script works in SQL Server 2005+
CREATE TABLE #Table1
([Date] datetime, [Qty] int)
;
INSERT INTO #Table1
([Date], [Qty])
VALUES
('2017-01-08 00:00:00', 100),
('2017-01-09 00:00:00', 120),
('2017-01-10 00:00:00', 180)
;
--This script is plain SQL for any DMBS
select y.Date, y.Qty-x.Qty as 'Diff Qty'
from #table1 x inner join #Table1 y
on x.Date+1=y.Date
Result
+-------------------------+----------+
| Date | Diff Qty |
+-------------------------+----------+
| 2017-01-09 00:00:00.000 | 20 |
| 2017-01-10 00:00:00.000 | 60 |
+-------------------------+----------+