How to escape curly-brackets in f-strings?

Question

I have a string in which I would like curly-brackets, but also take advantage of the f-strings feature. Is there some syntax that works for this?

Here are two ways it does not work. I would like to include the literal text {bar} as part of the string.

foo = "test"
fstring = f"{foo} {bar}"

NameError: name 'bar' is not defined

fstring = f"{foo} \{bar\}"

SyntaxError: f-string expression part cannot include a backslash

Desired result:

'test {bar}'

Edit: Looks like this question has the same answer as How can I print literal curly-brace characters in a string and also use .format on it?, but you can only know that if you know that str.format uses the same rules as the f-string. So hopefully this question has value in tying f-string searchers to this answer.

you can replace '{' and '}' to their corresponding codepoint `\u007b` and `\u007d`.For example `print(' \u007b \u007d')` got `{ }` — XX 吕, Jul 11 '19 at 11:12
This should actually be an/the answer because the doubling the braces does not work if you want to print a single brace. Oh my do I feel dirty now. — stefanct, Jul 10 '21 at 14:57
@stefanct What do you mean does not work? `f'{{1{2}'` correctly returns `'{12'`, doesn't it? — wim, Oct 07 '21 at 00:16
Yes, but there are lots of cases where it does not work, e.g., `f'{{}'` -> `SyntaxError: f-string: single '}' is not allowed` — stefanct, Oct 07 '21 at 04:15
@stefanct still not seeing the problem - what do you think that should return? why using an f prefix at all if you’re not formatting any fields? — wim, Oct 07 '21 at 14:44
you are missing the point. it does not work with fields either. i don't know why it works with your examples - probably some funny parser quirk with numeric literals but single parentheses are not universally supported in f-strings. — stefanct, Oct 07 '21 at 17:02
Yes I am missing the point because you haven't showed an example of what you mean. Formatting a single brace 'not working' is clearly incorrect, `f"{{{name}"` gives a formatted string with a single leading brace, and has nothing to do with numeric literals. — wim, Oct 07 '21 at 18:32

score 438 · Accepted Answer · edited Apr 07 '20 at 07:05

438

Although there is a custom syntax error from the parser, the same trick works as for calling .format on regular strings.

Use double curlies:

>>> foo = 'test'
>>> f'{foo} {{bar}}'
'test {bar}'

It's mentioned in the spec here and the docs here.

edited Apr 07 '20 at 07:05

Arthur Tacca

answered Mar 01 '17 at 00:37

wim

15

If you need double curlies in the output, use quadruple curlies: `f'{foo} {{{{bar}}}}'`. – stackprotector Aug 11 '22 at 15:06
14

What if one wants to wrap the value of the variable in `{ }`? – Eric Johnson Oct 01 '22 at 09:34
Would something like this work in a JINJA template? – juntunen Oct 03 '22 at 04:47
6

@GeorgeIrwin triple braces will do the trick for that – Zach Rieck Nov 03 '22 at 21:20

1 Answers1