- Debug builds generally include x86_64 and i386 architectures along with standard device architectures such as armv7 and arm64. x86_64 and i386 are required for simulator, but it's not used on actual devices. Release builds should remove those architectures to save space.
- Debug builds include debug symbols in the binary (Build Settings -> Strip Debug Symbols During Copy is generally NO) . Release builds generally don't. They come with dSYM files which help to symbolicate crashes. This saves space too.
- Debug builds are probably not optimized (build settings -> optimization level is none). Therefore they might perform worse than release builds.
- Frameworks require codesigning if they are to be embedded in an application. Debug-release builds do not change that. Xcodes codesigns them for you if you check "Code Sign On Copy" checkbox in your application's Build Phases -> Embed Frameworks.
- Provisioning profile is not required for frameworks.
So, you can use debug builds but it's not recommended.