I assume you were using a Windows machine.
The news section of Rserve states for the most recent version (1.8-6) that
It is still strongly discouraged to use Windows given how limited the
OS is and how it prevents any sensible use (Windows only supports
single-client, single-thread, cooperative mode - so for toy uses
only).
The Rserve webpage has more notes on Windows here:
Since the Windows operating system doesn't support fork method for
spawning copies of a process, it is not possible to initialize R and
use initialized copies for all subsequent connections in parallel.
Therefore the Rserve for Windows supports no concurrent connections.
This implies that all subsequent connections share the same namespace
and sessions (as in >=0.4 version on unix) cannot be supported. It is
still possible to start multiple Rserves to handle multiple
connections (just make sure you use different port for each one).
However, I got it working on Windows with the Rserve version that comes with deployr-rserve (without having to use multiple processes running on different ports). This fork seems to be based on Rserve 0.6-3.1 though - so it's pretty outdated...