When running Dialyzer stand-alone, it compiles its modules with HiPE, in order to speed up the analysis:
dialyzer --src -r .
Checking whether the PLT /home/foo/.dialyzer_plt is up-to-date... yes
Compiling some key modules to native code... done in 0m12.27s
Proceeding with analysis...
This can make a big difference to run time when there are many modules to be analysed.
Does Rebar3 do that when you run the rebar3 dialyzer
command? The documentation doesn't say one way or another.