The task you are trying solve is only possible using AOP (Aspect Oriented Programming) frameworks.
AOP frameworks allow you to add some code to the method without changing it. In reality they create Proxy classes that wrap around your original classes and execute required lines of code before each method you bind them too.
However, AOP is an overkill for some simple tasks as it usually requires some complex configurations and usually integration with DI frameworks.
Here's some list of AOP frameworks if you are still interested: http://java-source.net/open-source/aspect-oriented-frameworks.
Edit:
Actually, I think that you are doing your task the wrong way in first place. If your method is a part of Business Layer - it should not allow non-trimmed parameters and throw some kind of Exception in that case. If your method is part of some Presentation Layer - it should be cleaning the parameters manually, usually near the part where it reads the parameters from the user.
For example, if you are reading that parameters from some Swing form, then you should trim them before passing to your Constructor. For example:
Your current code:
int someId = Integer.valueOf(idField.getText());
String someName = nameField.getText();
String someArg = argField.getText();
new Constructor(someId, someName, someArg)
How it should be handled:
int someId = Integer.valueOf(idField.getText());
String someName = nameField.getText().trim();
String someArg = argField.getText().trim();
new Constructor(someId, someName, someArg)