may be this is what you looking for
you need to set padding to second td or th
.search-table tr th:nth-child(2), .search-table tr td:nth-child(2) {
padding-left: 100px;
}
body {
color: white;
}
.search-table-outter {
width: auto;
max-width: 735px;
margin-left: 5em;
margin-right: auto;
padding-top: 30px;
}
.search-table{
table-layout: fixed;
margin:0px auto 0px auto;
background-color: lightblue
}
.search-table, td, th{
border-collapse:collapse;
border-bottom:1px solid white;
line-height: 10px;
}
th{
padding:5px 7px;
font-size:15px;
}
td{
padding:5px 10px;
height:35px;
}
.search-table-outter { overflow-x: scroll; }
th, td { min-width: 100px; }
.headcol {
position: absolute;
color: black;
left: auto;
width: 5em;
top: auto;
}
.search-table tr th:nth-child(2), .search-table tr td:nth-child(2) {
padding-left: 100px;
}
<div class="container header">
<div class="search-table-outter wrapper">
<table class="search-table inner">
<tr>
<th class="headcol">Time</th>
<th>Icon</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Temp</th>
<th>Precip</th>
<th>Wind</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="headcol">4:11 </td>
<td>Cloud </td>
<td>Partly Cloudy </td>
<td>86 </td>
<td>0% </td>
<td>8.38 mph </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="headcol">4:11 </td>
<td>Cloud </td>
<td>Partly Cloudy </td>
<td>86 </td>
<td>0% </td>
<td>8.38 mph </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="headcol">4:11 </td>
<td>Cloud </td>
<td>Partly Cloudy </td>
<td>86 </td>
<td>0% </td>
<td>8.38 mph </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="headcol">4:11 </td>
<td>Cloud </td>
<td>Partly Cloudy </td>
<td>86 </td>
<td>0% </td>
<td>8.38 mph </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="headcol">4:11 </td>
<td>Cloud </td>
<td>Partly Cloudy </td>
<td>86 </td>
<td>0% </td>
<td>8.38 mph </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="headcol">4:11 </td>
<td>Cloud </td>
<td>Partly Cloudy </td>
<td>86 </td>
<td>0% </td>
<td>8.38 mph </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="headcol">4:11 </td>
<td>Cloud </td>
<td>Partly Cloudy </td>
<td>86 </td>
<td>0% </td>
<td>8.38 mph </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="headcol">4:11 </td>
<td>Cloud </td>
<td>Partly Cloudy </td>
<td>86 </td>
<td>0% </td>
<td>8.38 mph </td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
see fiddle https://jsfiddle.net/s8bczc0L/