Gps as i know works with a physical or virtual serial com port (ie com via usb). Since only one application can open a com port at a time there should be no program using gps while searching for the gps-port.
You already gave the answer "loop (for) on all ports and serche for".
Note the example below is an untested scetch how it could work. Feel free to update this wiki page to fix possible errors and add missing functionality.
public string FindGpsPort()
{
foreach(string portname in System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames())
{
// using to make shure that the testport is closed after test
using (SerialPort testport = new SerialPort(){PortName = portname})
{
// maybe neccessary to set baudrate, parity, ... of com port
testport.Open();
// to do if error or exception this is not the
// gps port or some software already uses the gps-port
// to do: read some data from port and verify if it is GPS-Data
// if valid return portname ;
}
}
// All com ports tried but not found. throw exception or return error code
return null;
}