Firstly, the size of a <textarea>
is somewhat dependent upon the browser you are running and how it is rendering the webpage on the screen, so while you can provide guidance to the browser with CSS style, you are really just giving the browser some advice about what should be done. The browser lays things out the way it darn well pleases.
Secondly, if the user can resize the window, you aren't going to be able to make the <textarea>
larger than the parent in which it is contained -- unless you programatically force a window resize which means Javascript.
And since we are talking about resizing a <textarea>
upon content, then we are talking about dynamic content of some fashion, which means Javascript (or Ajax) must be going on in the background to make this happen - so I'm curious about your aversion to using JS.
A solution to your problem is predicated upon a more complete description of what you are trying to do...
Can you provide some detail?