Might be this is a bug in Beta version because there is no official announcement or article or anything about redeeming VOIP background mode from XCode 9.
Or possible once you implement Callkit , VOIP background mode automatically considered.
I suggest wait for XCode 9 official version.
Updated answer
With XCode 9 and iOS 11, Callkit is being compulsory for VOIP implementation. Background mode ( VOIP ) will be automatically activated once integrating Callkit.
Try to make call from WhatsApp, that call history will be available in native phone call app as well.
Updated answer -> You are can add background modes support manually
<key>UIBackgroundModes</key>
<array>
<string>audio</string>
<string>voip</string>
<string>fetch</string>
<string>remote-notification</string>
</array>