I don't think there is a way to do that at runtime with reflection. What you would probably want to do is use an AOP (aspect-oriented) approach, but that too isn't really supported by the .NET framework. You could use PostSharp to do it, if you don't mind using a compiler extension, or look into using Unity2 to do AOP.
Edit:
You could also consider Castle DynamicProxy.
Or, if you have a firm grasp of DynamicMethods and IL code, you could make your own proxy generator class.
However, I think in most cases, you will have to code the rest of your application appropriately to handle the proxies. In other words, instead of doing:
Foo f = new Foo();
f.Property1 = 123;
You would have to do something like:
Foo f = Generator.GetProxy<Foo>(); // this code is fake. just indicates that you need to get an instance of Foo from a proxy generator, be it DynamicProxy or Unity or whatever.
f.Property1 = 123;