This is what worked for me. Assume you've added a 3D Text Node in interface builder and it's called "CountDownText" in the node hierarchy.
In the relevant view controller, I have two properties:
var countDownText: SCNNode!
var theCountDownText: SCNText!
Later, bind the node from the interface builder to the code (in a set up node function):
countDownText = scnScene.rootNode.childNode(withName: "CountDownText", recursively: true)
theCountDownText = countDownText.geometry as! SCNText
Any time you want to change the display text of that node, you can just do as follows:
theCountDownText.string = "text"