The regular require
dependencies are such packages that you will ALWAYS use, meaning that the framework itself (in this case Laravel), your application code and/or other 3rd party code is dependent on such packages. These dependencies are often referred as prod dependencies since you use them in production (because without them, your app wouldn't run)
The require-dev
dependencies are "optional", in the sense that your core application logic would run, but you would not be able to run "development" stuff, such as Unit tests (phpunit/phpunit
package) and instantiate fake data (fzaninotto/faker
).
I hope this helps!