I have exactly the same problem as Connecting to a USB Android device in a Docker container via ADB but my host is Windows 10.
adb devices
command on the host shows the connected android phone, but the same command inside the container does not show any devices.
This is how I run my container:
docker run -d -p 4723:4723 --privileged -v /dev/bus/usb:/dev/bus/usb -e APPIUM_ARGS="" --name appium0922_1 softsam/appium
appium0922_1
is the name of my container.
softsam/appium
is the name of the image the container is running.
Any thoughts?