Error converting bytecode to dex: Multiple dex files, Android Studio 3.0

Question

I recently upgraded to Android Studio 3.0, and while running the program I get the following error:

Error:Error converting bytecode to dex:
Cause: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/vuforia/TransformModel;
Error:com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/vuforia/TransformModel;
Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:661)
Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:616)
Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:598)
Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:171)
Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:198)
Error:  at com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerCallable.call(DexArchiveMergerCallable.java:61)
Error:  at com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerCallable.call(DexArchiveMergerCallable.java:36)
Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$AdaptedCallable.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1424)
Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056)
Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692)
Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:157)
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithDexMergerForDebug'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/vuforia/TransformModel;

Apart from my main app module, I have two other modules in my project. I already tried

clean and Make/rebuild,
Use the latest build tools and Java versions,
predex to false,
deleting .gradle folder, but none of them work.

Can anyone help me ?

app Module:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
    compileSdkVersion 25
    buildToolsVersion '26.0.2'
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.shais.gpsdetector"
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 25
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        resValue "string", "google_maps_key", (project.findProperty("GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY") ?: "")
        multiDexEnabled true
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    dexOptions {
        javaMaxHeapSize "4g"
        preDexLibraries = false
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:10.2.4'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-places:10.2.4'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:10.2.4'
    compile 'com.google.maps.android:android-maps-utils:0.5+'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:25.3.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:25.3.1'
    compile 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    implementation 'com.cocoahero.android:geojson:1.0.1'
    compile 'com.android.volley:volley:1.0.0'
    compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:design:25.3.1'
    implementation project(':vuforia')
    implementation project(':rajawali')
}

Vuforia Module:

apply plugin: 'com.android.library'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 25
    buildToolsVersion '26.0.2'

    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 25
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        multiDexEnabled true
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    dexOptions {
        preDexLibraries = false
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile files('libs/Vuforia.jar')
}

rajawali Module:

apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
apply plugin: 'jacoco'
apply plugin: 'signing'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 25
    buildToolsVersion '26.0.2'

    defaultConfig {
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 25
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        debug {
            testCoverageEnabled true
            minifyEnabled false
        }
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }   
    lintOptions {
        abortOnError false
    }
}

dependencies {   
    androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.1'
    compile 'org.jetbrains:annotations-java5:15.0'
}

This may help: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46949761/unable-to-merge-dex-android-studio-3-0 — , Oct 28 '17 at 06:12
@IntelliJAmiya tried that too. From the error log, I guess it's in somewhere vuforia module. — Shaishav Jogani, Oct 28 '17 at 07:37

score 2 · Accepted Answer · answered Jan 17 '18 at 22:50

2

Finally, I was able to solve the problem. The error arose because of the two paths of Vuforia jar in Vuforia gradle. The following two lines in Vuforia Gradle are actually pointing to the same library jar.

compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile files('libs/Vuforia.jar')

I simply removed the second compilation of jar and it removed my error.

answered Jan 17 '18 at 22:50

Shaishav Jogani

2,111
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1

You saved my life, this is the answer I was looking for! – Amine Apr 01 '18 at 17:45

score 0 · Answer 2 · answered Oct 28 '17 at 05:54

First, try to remove the .gradle folder in your project. Then you need to check for the dependencies from the dependency tree with the following command in Linux:

./gradlew app:dependencies

or if you're using Windows try this:

gradlew.bat app:dependencies

If you found duplicated dependencies in the list, you can exclude it with something like this:

compile('com.library.name:version') {
  exclude group: 'com.example', module: 'library'
}

Error converting bytecode to dex: Multiple dex files, Android Studio 3.0

2 Answers2

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