You can use the 'cross' function to look up values across the project. Cross is usually used to look up values in a different OpenRefine project/file, but actually it works the same if you point it back at the same project you are already in.
So - from Col C, you can use "Add new column based on this column" with the GREL:
cell.cross("Your project name","Col A")
You'll get back an array of 'rows' - and if the same value appears in Column A multiple times you could get multiple rows.
To extract a value from the array you can use something like:
forEach(cell.cross("Your project name","Col A"),r,r.cells["Col B"].value).join("|")
The final 'join' is necessary to convert the array into a string which is required to be able to store the result (arrays can't be stored directly)