You can:
You should check with SMTP.
That means you have to connect to that email's SMTP server.
After connecting to the SMTP server you should send these commands:
HELO somehostname.com MAIL FROM: RCPT TO:
If you get ":
Relay access denied" that means this email in invalid.
There is a simple PHP class. You can use it:
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/6650-PHP-Check-if-an-e-mail-is-valid-using-SMTP.html
...but it isn't advisable:
This is technically true, but practically inadvisable: ISPs (especially
Yahoo and Hotmail) know about this and they will block deliveries from
you (even to addresses that do exist) if you do this a lot. In short,
don't do it.
If you're looking to verify an email address the best choice is to send an email and then monitor for any bounces- I myself use AWS SES which gives a response to whether sending was a success. You can find the AWS PHP SDK here.
If you want to use AWS SES, be aware that there is an approval process you need to go through until they'll allow you to send email to anyone.