The following SQL query will fetch your 2 ids for exact string matching
select id from TABLENAME where text_1 in ('おはよう','大丈夫');
You can also use like
operator with %
to fetch approximately strings id.
You might face encoding issue (文字化け)depending on your DB settings, so you might have to convert SJIS <-> UTF-8
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/faqs-cjk.html#faq-cjk-what-cjk-avail
Last but not least, if you want to use the full string as a comparison criteria to select the rows, then you can reuse the following code:
how to compute similarity between two strings in MYSQL