I would use bill of materials(BOM) for dependency managment.
You could get more about BOM from:
How to use BOM file with Maven?
Maven BOM [Bill Of Materials] Dependency
The structure that I would suggest:
Parent project:
<groupId>bom.test</groupId>
<artifactId>parent</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>childA</module>
</modules>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
As you could see here I've used spring BOM.
Child A project:
<parent>
<artifactId>parent</artifactId>
<groupId>bom.test</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>childA</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
As you see from child dependencies I do not specify spring-web version, it is taken from BOM. However spring-test version was specified. Let's check how maven sees it.
Checking bom content by
mvn help:effective-pom
.....
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
.....
So BOM version is 4.3.8
Let's check dependency managment to be sure that moduleA uses this version for web and overriden for test.
mvn dependency:tree
[INFO] bom.test:childA:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:4.3.8.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:4.3.8.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] \- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:3.0.0.RELEASE:compile