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I know that for a network card, OS must allocate tx/rx rings for it so that when OS wants to receive/transmit packets, the network card will know where the packets are and which packets are to be transmit.

And when I read about DMA, I see something named DMA ring buffer. Are the DMA ring and tx/rx ring the same thing?Or what is the relationship?

4va1anch3
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3 Answers3

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  1. Ring Buffer Contains Start and End Address of Buffer in RAM. TX Ring will contain addresses of Buffer in RAM that contains data to be transmitted. RX Ring will contains address of Buffer in RAM where NIC will place data.

    These rings are present in RAM.

  2. TX buffer and RX buffer are are in RAM pointed by TX/RX rings.

  3. Now Network Card Register has Location of Rings Buffer in RAM .

Now 1 and 2 can be DMA able buffer , they are called DMA TX/RX ring and DMA TX/RX buffer. Now since RX/TX ring must remain throughout they are made as consistent/coherent DMA type of meory. While Buffers are made streaming/Single DMA type of memory

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Alok Prasad
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    Nice drawings @Alok. Just curious, did you copy them from some source or handmade them:) – QnA Jan 31 '20 at 00:23
  • @QnA nope, they are taken from various sources and i dont own them – Alok Prasad Feb 20 '20 at 05:20
  • Do you know how the head and tail pointer are related to the Rx Ring Buffer reading and writing packets between the NIC device and the driver? I am confused on that part. – django_moose Jul 25 '20 at 20:06
  • I'm confused, why in figure 3 (the sequence diagram) the "ring" is located on NIC? Maybe for that model it is the very way of implementation. But "that ring" is different from "other rings" talked about in this post, right? – wtj Mar 31 '22 at 17:41
  • Here are some nice articles that describe exactly the above diagrams. https://medium.com/coccoc-engineering-blog/linux-network-ring-buffers-cea7ead0b8e8 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3267/htm – Mateen Oct 28 '22 at 18:28
  • Very nice diagrams. One detail question: the DMA-able memory region that NIC writes to, isn't it same as the buffer accessed by the network stack? After all, they're both main memory. Why would the kernel allocate two buffer and do copy between them? According to the last diagram, the DMA-able memory is allocated by alloc_skb() and linked (pointed) to by descriptor in the Rx ring. When the kernel picks up skb filled by NIC, it can just directly hook it up to linked list in network stack, right? (not copying) – Weipeng Dec 03 '22 at 04:46
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Short Answer: These are the same.

More details: First, see this post which is very related to your question.

In this article it says:

A variant of the asynchronous approach is often seen with network cards. These cards often expect to see a circular buffer (often called a DMA ring buffer) established in memory shared with the processor; each incoming packet is placed in the next available buffer in the ring, and an interrupt is signaled. The driver then passes the network packets to the rest of the kernel, and places a new DMA buffer in the ring.

The DMA ring allows the NIC to directly access the memory used by the software. The software (NIC's driver in the kernel case) is allocating memory for the rings and then mapping it as DMA memory, so the NIC would know it may access it. TX packets will be created in this memory by the software and will be read and transmitted by the NIC (usually after the software signals the NIC it should start transmitting). RX packets will be written to this memory by the NIC and will be read and processed by the software (usually after an interrupt is issued to signal there's work).

Hope this helps.

Tgilgul
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  • so the ring buffer is allocated in memory rather than NIC storage, and NIC knows where the rings are. As I know the ring format is hardware-specific and there is some register in NIC of ring location, so the NIC will just find the ring and read it according to its own format, then it will find the packets? – 4va1anch3 Nov 23 '17 at 08:34
  • Yes, the format of the data in the rings should be consistent with the API to the NIC. Each vendor usually have a PRM (Programmer Reference Manual) which explains how the data should be constrcuted. – Tgilgul Nov 23 '17 at 08:44
  • Got it. It does help me a lot. THX! – 4va1anch3 Nov 23 '17 at 09:02
  • I want to ask if the ring is the queue, what is the difference, thanks! – LinconFive Jul 01 '19 at 02:12
  • The ring is the representation of the device RX/TX queue. It is used for data transfer between the kernel stack and the device. – Tgilgul Jul 10 '19 at 05:26
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DMA ring buffer and TX/RX rings are the same thing.
DMA has two type of ring buffers

  • TX ring buffer - used for transmitting data from kernel to device
  • RX ring buffer - used for receiving data from device to kernel
swayamraina
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