After installing SQL server from here, I have the folder "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL14.SQLEXPRESS" which, according to File Locations for Default and Named Instances of SQL Server | Microsoft Docs[^] means I have the latest 2017 version i.e above 2012.
But the error is impeding me from achieving anything. If I try creating a new database, I get the infamous error "This server version is not supported. Only servers up to Microsoft SQL Server 2012 are supported". I bypassed this tricking visual studio into thinking I'm trying to test my connection but after that, I can't populate the rogue database with tables.
Trying to do this results in abrupt shutdown of visual studio and a request to be debugged. In the error log, I can see the last line read "The target database schema could not be retrieved" which still exposes the illegitimacy of my database. Trying to access that database in Server object explorer also results in the error "Operation is not valid due to the current state of the object".
Also I purchased a CD Microsoft server R2 2012 but ultimately did not install it because it asked me to backup my drive, I fear it may actually reformat my machine or do something else besides simply installing a server. I'm following the instructions on this thread How do I fix incompatible SQL Server version found? and in the drop-down, I can see version 2012 is there already. I also have the SSDT.exe but when I try installing it, it terminates and the error log states the following "MainViewModel.AddFailedCondition: Error: The current operating system is not supported. This application requires at least Windows 7 SP1 or Windows 8.1 to run" whereas I am clearly running windows 8 os.
So how do I go about getting a compatible server for my visual studio 2012? Or how can fix this current state of affairs?