Currently you can write to partitions using the partition decorators
[TABLE_NAME]$20160501
however there is a high request feature that is in progress, that will allow you to pick a column and use that as partition day.
In order to write to 20 different partition you need to create at least 20 different queries and writes as explained here
bq query --allow_large_results --replace --noflatten_results \
--destination_table 'mydataset.temps$20160101' \
'SELECT stn,temp from [bigquery-public-data:noaa_gsod.gsod2016] WHERE mo="01" AND da="01" limit 100'
bq query --allow_large_results --replace --noflatten_results \
--destination_table 'mydataset.temps$20160102' \
'SELECT stn,temp from [bigquery-public-data:noaa_gsod.gsod2016] WHERE mo="01" AND da="02" limit 100'
More solutions are addressed here:
Migrating from non-partitioned to Partitioned tables