I have done this by creating a profile in Terminal→Preferences→Profiles and then setting the profile I created to be the profile for new windows on startup in Terminal→Preferences→General.
In my case, I wanted a black background and blue text and use fork of the Hack font. So on Profiles tab of Terminal's Preferences I created a new profile with the "+", named it, and set the settings the way I wanted them.
Preferences→Profiles
Then switched to the General tab of Terminal's Preferences and in the drop down for "On startup, open New window with profile" I selected the profile I created.
Preferences→General
Then close out of Preferences. Exit Terminal.app then reopen Terminal.app and I get the settings I setup regardless if I quite and reopen Terminal.app, open multiple Terminal windows or even restart the computer.
So unless I have misunderstood what kind of settings you are referring to, this is an easy and quick way to do it.