First, you should check if there is an update available for your BIOS/UEFI. If you are lucky your motherboard manufacturer provides an update.
BIOS updates sometimes include processor firmware updates.
(That is the best case, as it would be persistent after an OS reinstall.)
Then, depending on your processor brand, the following command line :
sudo apt-get install intel-microcode
or
sudo apt-get install amd64-microcode
will automatically apply the latest processor firmware when the linux kernel is booting. This is a non persistent solution, but here you rely on Intel/AMD/Debian/Ubuntu, not anymore on your motherboard manufacturer.
To know the firmware version applied by your Linux kernel (maybe), use that command :
dmesg | grep microcode