The ASP.NET MVC framework is great and sites like this one which is using it are obvious examples. There is nothing in it that affects my applications performance. It just works very nice. What affects performance is poor code or poor architecture conception but that's definitely not something we can blame the framework for. After spending years with ASP.NET webforms I cannot say that the performance of MVC is worst or better, what I can say is that it converted the painful experience of writing web applications into something that brings so much joy. I've been successfully running applications in production since ASP.NET MVC 1.0 and never had any problems.
In your question you mention database access => that's a problem that all web applications have and which is not inherent to the framework being used. Also in heavy traffic sites the usage of caching could improve performance and ASP.NET MVC have some really good caching mechanisms built-in.
So, all I can say is that you and the team delivering this great framework are doing a very good job.