Therefore what type of test is it?
Typically, if you are testing the domain model (or parts of it) isolated from the application and infrastructure concerns, then what you have is a unit test.
There's not, of course, universal agreement on what a "unit" is; see for example Martin Fowler's discussion of solitary vs sociable tests.
But you might consider some of the popular examples -- the Bowling Game kata, and notice that much of the test first demonstrations in the Chicago style of TDD are fleshing out domain logic independent of application and infrastructure concerns.
There is usually nothing much to test in that layer. It comprises primarily of POCOs anyway.
That wouldn't normally be true of domain entities and domain values; if following the object oriented coding style, the interesting business behaviors are
combined with the data into objects.
If you were following a more functional style, then you might end up with boring immutable data (which might be POCOs), and the interesting behavior to test would be expressed as pure functions.
But in either style, these behaviors would be part of the domain model, and therefore would live in the core of your onion.
Expressed is a slightly different way, the functional core of your application is normally unit tested.