I ran into this problem twice while running a MySQL server. First of all, when trying to connect to MySQL I was getting the following error:
OperationalError: (2002, "Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)")
When trying to start/stop/restart mysql.server I would get:
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file
Now in the error logs I could see that it was failing on a InnoDB checksum, i.e. the following error:
InnoDB: Log block has valid header, but checksum field contains X, should be Z
(where X and Z) are some checksum numbers.
Finally I found a solution, see below: