Because you are telling you have a jenkinsfile inside your git repo I suppose you do not mean that you want to call a Jenkinsfile using parameters from a shared library.
It's also not sure if you are using a declarative or scripted pipeline.
I will explain the "recommended" declarative pipeline:
pipeline {
agent any
parameters {
string(defaultValue: "https://github.com", description: 'Whats the github URL?', name: 'URL')
}
stages {
stage('Checkout Git repository') {
steps {
git branch: 'master', url: "${params.URL}"
}
}
stage('echo') {
steps {
echo "${params.URL}"
}
}
}
}
In this pipeline you will add a string parameter to which you can add a URL. When you run the build it will ask for the parameter:

To use this parameter use "${params.URL}"
:
This pipeline will clone the github repo in the first stage and print the URL in the next (echo) stage:
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (echo)
[Pipeline] echo
https://github.com/lvthillo/docker-ghost-mysql.git
[Pipeline] }