GraphQL requires that when requesting a field that you also request a selection set for that field (one or more fields belonging to that field's type), unless the field resolves to a scalar like a string or number. That means unfortunately there is no syntax for "get all available fields" -- you always have to specify the fields you want the server to return.
Outside of perusing the docs, there's two additional ways you can get a better picture of the fields that are available. One is the GraphQL API Explorer, which lets you try out queries in real time. It's just a GraphiQL interface, which means when you're composing the query, you can trigger the autocomplete feature by pressing Shift+Space or Alt+Space to see a list of available fields.
If you want to look up the fields for a specific type, you can also just ask GraphQL :)
query{
__type(name:"Repository") {
fields {
name
description
type {
kind
name
description
}
args {
name
description
type {
kind
name
description
}
defaultValue
}
}
}
}