Ok, that wasn't too long until I found the solution here, so here it is for others how might get the same problem.
In my android manifest, I did not mention the min sdk version using the element. The default values are 1, which means the application says it supports all versions, including the old 1.x versions.
In the screen support article (http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html) I noticed a rather small sentence: "All applications written for Android 1.5 or earlier are (by definition) designed for the baseline HVGA screen used on the T-Mobile G1 and similar devices, which is size normal and density mdpi."
It seems that since I did not mention a value for min sdk version, my device treats the app as compatible to old versions and ignores the whole screen range support! it then defaults to medium screen and mdpi resources.
Go figure..