This solution is tested and working with versions indicated below.
Using this method, the RaspberryPi3 is always around 5% CPU.
edit 2018-11-18:
One can also see the all-in-one solution prototype on RaspiVWS project homepage (for curious people, see GitHub project)
0. Preliminary checks
1. Webcam video configuration
2. Microphone identification
3. Stream using VLC
4. Make RaspberryPi3+ a Wifi access point
(If you have no existing network to connect your Pi to)
5. Script at startup or as a service
6. [EDIT] Additional commands : infinite loop recording & split video
7. [EDIT] Program execution at a given instant
8. [EDIT] TROUBLESHOOTING
0. Preliminary checks
The answer is working with Raspbian 9.4 Stretch.
Check your version with the following command :
lsb_release -a
You should see:
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Raspbian
Description: Raspbian GNU/Linux 9.4 (stretch)
Release: 9.4
Codename: stretch
We can rely on the following tools :
- v4l allows to control the webcam. It offers the command
v4l2-ctl which will allows us to control and config the webcam.
- VLC which is not only a video player, but also has powerful streaming capabilities
You can install them with the following commands :
sudo apt-get install vlc
sudo apt-get install v4l-utils
Once everything is installed, you can configure your C920 webcam.
1. Webcam video configuration
v4l2-ctl --all lists all available devices and their config
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ v4l2-ctl --all
Driver Info (not using libv4l2):
Driver name : uvcvideo
Card type : HD Pro Webcam C920
Bus info : usb-3f980000.usb-1.5
Driver version: 4.14.30
Capabilities : 0x84200001
Video Capture
Streaming
Extended Pix Format
Device Capabilities
Device Caps : 0x04200001
Video Capture
Streaming
Extended Pix Format
Priority: 2
Video input : 0 (Camera 1: ok)
Format Video Capture:
Width/Height : 1920/1080
Pixel Format : 'H264'
Field : None
Bytes per Line : 3840
Size Image : 4147200
Colorspace : sRGB
Transfer Function : Default
YCbCr/HSV Encoding: Default
Quantization : Default
Flags :
Crop Capability Video Capture:
Bounds : Left 0, Top 0, Width 1920, Height 1080
Default : Left 0, Top 0, Width 1920, Height 1080
Pixel Aspect: 1/1
Selection: crop_default, Left 0, Top 0, Width 1920, Height 1080
Selection: crop_bounds, Left 0, Top 0, Width 1920, Height 1080
Streaming Parameters Video Capture:
Capabilities : timeperframe
Frames per second: 30.000 (30/1)
Read buffers : 0
brightness (int) : min=0 max=255 step=1 default=-8193 value=128
contrast (int) : min=0 max=255 step=1 default=57343 value=128
saturation (int) : min=0 max=255 step=1 default=57343 value=128
white_balance_temperature_auto (bool) : default=1 value=1
gain (int) : min=0 max=255 step=1 default=57343 value=255
power_line_frequency (menu) : min=0 max=2 default=2 value=2
white_balance_temperature (int) : min=2000 max=6500 step=1 default=57343 value=4822 flags=inactive
sharpness (int) : min=0 max=255 step=1 default=57343 value=128
backlight_compensation (int) : min=0 max=1 step=1 default=57343 value=0
exposure_auto (menu) : min=0 max=3 default=0 value=3
exposure_absolute (int) : min=3 max=2047 step=1 default=250 value=333 flags=inactive
exposure_auto_priority (bool) : default=0 value=1
pan_absolute (int) : min=-36000 max=36000 step=3600 default=0 value=0
tilt_absolute (int) : min=-36000 max=36000 step=3600 default=0 value=0
focus_absolute (int) : min=0 max=250 step=5 default=8189 value=0 flags=inactive
focus_auto (bool) : default=1 value=1
zoom_absolute (int) : min=100 max=500 step=1 default=57343 value=100
led1_mode (menu) : min=0 max=3 default=3 value=3
led1_frequency (int) : min=0 max=255 step=1 default=0 value=0
The last 2 lines gives us clues to control the built-in LED indicator, for instance, to deactivate the LED indicator.
The -d0 parameter indicates on which device the modifcation should be applied (if you ahve several cams or its device name changed)
v4l2-ctl -d0 --set-ctrl=led1_mode=0
v4l2-ctl -d0 --set-ctrl=led1_frequency=30
2. Microphone identification
The command arecord -l will give us the list of ALSA devices. (ALSA is the audio manager in RaspberryPi)
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ arecord -l
**** Liste des Périphériques Matériels CAPTURE ****
carte 1: C920 [HD Pro Webcam C920], périphérique 0: USB Audio [USB Audio]
Sous-périphériques: 1/1
Sous-périphérique #0: subdevice #0
This means that the built-in microphone is located on hardware 1, periph 0. You can check that in command line with alsamixer -c 1 -V capture
3. Stream using VLC
VLC can be launched using command line.
Since we do not have video and audio already mixed together in a single stream access, we need to ask VLC to do that.
It is the role of the transcoding feature of VLC.
- Stream over HTTP
We also want to stream over HTTP, VLC can also achieve that.
cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=h264 :input-slave=alsa://hw:1,0 --sout '#transcode{acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100,threads=4,audio-sync=1}:standard{access=http,mux=ts,mime=video/ts,dst=:8099}'
Explanation
v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=h264 gives VLC input data : it grabs the video stream from /dev/video0 and that it is a h264 encoding (if your webcam is the 0th video device, it could also be another number, refer to v4l2-ctl --all command):input-slave=alsa://hw:1,0 tells VLC to take another input stream with the video. It is the audio stream identified from the arecord above--sout tells VLC how to handle the output stream#transcode{acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100,threads=4,audio-sync=1} tells VLC to convert the audio to mpga codec, 128 kbits/s, 2 channels, 44100 Hz sampling, using all 4 RaspberryPi3+ cores. audiosync is optional. It took me some time to realize this : the webcam h264 video stream is kept as provided (no video transcoding).:standard{access=http,mux=ts,mime=video/ts,dst=:8099} tells VLC to provide stream over HTTP on port 8099 with the TS muxing format.
On any other device, you can use VLC to access your RaspberryPi3+ VLC stream :
vlc http://<raspberrypi-ip>:8099
It works with any VLC client :
- windows
- unix
- mac
- confirmed with iPhone 7 (v11.2.1 (15C153)) with VLC app (3.0.3 (305))
NB : Having the video already in H264 1920x1080 30fps in output of the webcam saves a lot of RaspberryPi3+ CPU.
- Different containers
You can also record to various containers, or even containers + stream, here are some examples:
record to MKV
cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=h264 :input-slave=alsa://hw:1,0 --sout '#transcode{acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100,threads=4,audio-sync=1}:standard{access=file,mux=mkv,dst='/home/pi/Webcam_Record/MyVid.mkv'}'
record to MP4
cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=h264 :input-slave=alsa://hw:1,0 --sout '#transcode{acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100,threads=4,audio-sync=1}:standard{access=file,mux=mp4,dst='/home/pi/Webcam_Record/MyVid.mp4'}'
record + stream
cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=h264 :input-slave=alsa://hw:1,0 --sout '#transcode{acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100,threads=4,audio-sync=1}:duplicate{dst=standard{access=file,mux=mp4,dst='/home/pi/Webcam_Record/MyVid.mp4'},dst=standard{access=http,mux=ts,mime=video/ts,dst=:8099}}'
- Format filenames, timestamps
You can also use formatted string for filenames. Prefix command like this:
cvlc --sout-file-format v4l2:///dev/video0:<...> dst='/home/pi/Webcam_Record/%F_%T_MyVid.mp4'}
It will produce a file named YYYY-MM-DD_HH:MM:SS_MyVid.mp4 (: are authorized in unix filenames, but not in windows filenames)
4. Make RaspberryPi3+ a Wifi access point
If you have no existing network to connect your Pi to:
You can follow instructions from official RaspberryPi3+ website : https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/access-point.md
Otherwise, if you already have a network you can connect to your pi using its IP.
See part 3
On any other device, you can use VLC to access your RaspberryPi3+ VLC
stream : vlc http://<raspberrypi-ip>:8099
5. Script at startup
You can put many commands into a bash file my_bash_file.sh.
For instance :
#!/bin/bash
# auto stream launch + led off
#cvlc -vvv for verbose debug
# change this value to adapt to your webcam device number
deviceNb=0
# force video format + led off
v4l2-ctl -d${deviceNb} --set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=1 --set-ctrl=led1_mode=0
# if delay needed
# cvlc v4l2:///dev/video${deviceNb}:chroma=h264 :input-slave=alsa://hw:1,0 :live-caching=2500 --sout '#transcode{acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100,threads=4,audio-sync=1}:standard{access=http,mux=ts,mime=video/ts,dst=:8099}'
# no delay
cvlc v4l2:///dev/video${deviceNb}:chroma=h264 :input-slave=alsa://hw:1,0 --sout '#transcode{acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100,threads=4,audio-sync=1}:standard{access=http,mux=ts,mime=video/ts,dst=:8099}'
- Basic method
You can then make the rc.local script use your custom script to be executed at startup.
You can follow instructions from official RaspberryPi3+ website : https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/linux/usage/rc-local.md
- Another method : Create a deamon service
We will create a "webcam-stream" service, assuming all necessary bash commands are located /home/pi/Webcam_Record/vlc_webcam_stream_service.sh
cd /lib/systemd/system/
sudo nano webcam-stream.service
And write in it:
[Unit]
Description=Custom Webcam Streaming Service
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/home/pi/Webcam_Record/vlc_webcam_stream_service.sh
Restart=on-abort
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Make the service file and the script executable:
sudo chmod 644 /lib/systemd/system/webcam-stream.service
chmod +x /home/pi/Webcam_Record/vlc_webcam_stream.sh
Allow VLC to be excuted as root:
sudo sed -i 's/geteuid/getppid/' /usr/bin/vlc
Reload deamons and enable our service:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable webcam-stream.service
Check it is recognized and working:
sudo service webcam-stream status
sudo service webcam-stream start
You can check with another computer that the video is correctly streamed.
Note that the webcam won't be available while the service is running.
Once you're done, you can connect to the RaspberryPi3+ wifi access point and access your video stream.
6. [EDIT] Additional commands : infinite loop recording & split video
The following bash scripts allows infinite recording of 15 s long videos with timestamped filenames and streaming
#!/bin/bash
# auto stream launch + led off
#cvlc -vvv for verbose debug
# adapt to video device name
deviceNb=1
# loop duration
duration=15
#infinite recording
#loopOption=
loopOption=--loop
# force video format + led off
v4l2-ctl -d ${deviceNb} --set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=1 --set-ctrl=led1_mode=0
# if delay needed :live-caching=2500
cvlc --sout-file-format --run-time=${duration} ${loopOption} v4l2:///dev/video${deviceNb}:chroma=h264 :input-slave=alsa://hw:1,0 --sout '#transcode{acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100,threads=4,audio-sync=1}:duplicate{dst=standard{access=file,mux=mp4,dst='/home/pi/Webcam_Record/%F_%T_Spy.mp4'}:dst=standard{access=http,mux=ts,mime=video/ts,dst=:8099}'
7. [EDIT] Program execution at a given instant
EDIT 04 aug 2018
To launch the execution today at 14:00, you can use the following command:
./my_vlc_webcam_script.sh | at 1400
See the at command manual for further details.
8. TROUBLESHOOTING
EDIT 07 jul 2018
I recently ran into VLC error after a dist-upgrade:
VLC media player 2.2.6 Umbrella (revision 2.2.6-0-g1aae78981c)
[00acb230] pulse audio output error: PulseAudio server connection failure: Connection refused
The solution I found is to launch VLC in GUI mode and change the default audio device to ALSA (instead of Automatic). I can also be done in command line.
See the solution found here VLC issues with PulseAudio
cvlc -A alsa,none --alsa-audio-device default
