How is Java Optional different from traditional handling of missing value? Or how to use Java Optional correctly

Question

It seems to me Optional adds little to code flow control and missing values handling. If a value behind an optional is not found, one still have to deal with absence of the value - then what's the point?

Compare:

Optional someMissingVal = codeThatReturnsOptional.getOptionalValue().orElse(null);
if( someMissingVal == null){
    throw(new NullPointerException());
} 
else return someMissingVal.get();

vs

Type someMissingVal = codeThatReturnsType.getTypeValue();
    if( someMissingVal == null){
        throw(new NullPointerException());
    } 
    else return someMissingVal;

So what's the big deal and how do I use Optional to harness its full power in the scenario above - as opposed to the "old style" missing value handling?

Good question. I'm not java-8-super-hacker, but seems some examples in net are wrong (in "old" style), especially when calling stack is deep — Jacek Cz, May 10 '18 at 15:10
In your first example, `someMissingVal` is not of type `Optional`. Besides that, both examples are flawed. When you invoke a method that is documented to potentially return `null` (or an empty optional), there is no point in throwing a `NullPointerException` if it does. You are expected to *handle* the scenario. Besides that, enforcing a non-`null` value can be done much simpler: `return Objects.requireNonNull( codeThatReturnsType.getTypeValue());`. — Holger, May 12 '18 at 09:55

score 3 · Answer 1 · edited May 10 '18 at 15:16

3

You can simplify your first snippet as following

return codeThatReturnsOptional.getOptionalValue()
                .orElseThrow(() -> new NullPointerException());

Does it simplify your code now? And it makes it readable too.

You can do a lot with Optional. This article from Oracle explains it.

edited May 10 '18 at 15:16

azro

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answered May 10 '18 at 15:08

Thiyagu

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J-Alex · Accepted Answer · 2018-05-10T15:25:46.197

You can do a null checks on the fly like:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String s = null;
    String newS = Optional.ofNullable(s).orElse("default");
}

As well as throw exceptions:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String s = null;
    String newS = Optional.ofNullable(s).orElseThrow(IllegalArgumentException::new);
}

Use some conditional statements:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String s = "test";
    Optional.ofNullable(s).ifPresent(System.out::print);
}

Use it with Streams in more complicated scenarios.

How is Java Optional different from traditional handling of missing value? Or how to use Java Optional correctly

2 Answers2