When you establish connectivity spark.read.jdbc...
you can specify numPartitions
parameter. That manages max limit of how many parallel connection can be created.
The maximum number of partitions that can be used for parallelism in table reading and writing. This also determines the maximum number
of concurrent JDBC connections. If the number of partitions to write
exceeds this limit, we decrease it to this limit by calling
coalesce(numPartitions) before writing.
However, by default you read data to a single partition which usually doesn’t fully utilize your SQL database.