The problem (at least on the surface) is that in the context of a functional test (ActionController::TestCase), the "cookies" object is a Hash, whereas when you work with the controllers, it's a ActionDispatch::Cookies::CookieJar object. So we need to convert it to a CookieJar object so that we can use the "signed" method on it to convert it to a SignedCookieJar.
You can put the following into your functional tests (after a get request) to convert cookies from a Hash to a CookieJar object
@request.cookies.merge!(cookies)
cookies = ActionDispatch::Cookies::CookieJar.build(@request)