You need to install the latest version of the Visual Studio. By version 14.0, only Visual Studio 2015 is required, but to provide support for further releases and some other programs and libraries that you might use, it is recommended to install the latest (Visual Studio 2017) which also comes with the 2015.
That link does not work, but you can find the new here: Visual Studio Build tools
Make sure to tick "Languages->C++". It should be automatic, but just to make sure.
Also, you probably would want to upgrade your setup tools for Python, setuptools.
You can do this with:
pip install --upgrade setuptools
The reason you would want to do that is, based on experience, because that error can continue to persist with Python even after you install the Visual Studio and the setup tools are not up to date.