I am developing a limited version of shell for my self. Here is a C++ program
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAX = 256;
const int CMD_MAX = 10;
char *valid_cmds = " ls ps df ";
int main()
{
char line_input[MAX], the_cmd[CMD_MAX];
char *new_args[CMD_MAX], *cp;
int i;
while (1) {
cout << "cmd> ";
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
cp = line_input;
i = 0;
if ((new_args[i] = strtok(cp, " ")) != NULL) {
strcpy(the_cmd, new_args[i]);
strcat(the_cmd, " ");
if ((strstr(valid_cmds, the_cmd) -valid_cmds)% 4 == 1) {
do {
cp = NULL;
new_args[++i] = strtok(cp, " ");
} while (i < CMD_MAX
&& new_args[i] != NULL);
new_args[i] = NULL;
switch (fork()) {
case 0:
execvp(new_args[0], new_args);
perror("exec failure");
exit(1);
case -1:
perror("fork failure");
exit(2);
default:
// In the parent we should be waiting for
// the child to finis h
;
}
} else
cout << "huh?" << endl;
}
}
}
}
What I am not able to understand is when I compile this program I am getting error in line
(cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL)
and the error is following I do a $ g++ p3.7.cpp
p3.7.cpp:10:20: warning: ISO C++ forbids converting a string constant to ‘char*’ [-Wwrite-strings]
char *valid_cmds = " ls ps df ";
^~~~~~~~~~~~
p3.7.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
p3.7.cpp:18:42: error: no match for ‘operator!=’ (operand types are ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ and ‘long int’)
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
p3.7.cpp:18:42: note: candidate: operator!=(int, long int) <built-in>
p3.7.cpp:18:42: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ to ‘int’
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iosfwd:40:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/postypes.h:221:5: note: candidate: template<class _StateT> bool std::operator!=(const std::fpos<_StateT>&, const std::fpos<_StateT>&)
operator!=(const fpos<_StateT>& __lhs, const fpos<_StateT>& __rhs)
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/postypes.h:221:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::fpos<_StateT>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_algobase.h:64:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_pair.h:456:5: note: candidate: template<class _T1, class _T2> constexpr bool std::operator!=(const std::pair<_T1, _T2>&, const std::pair<_T1, _T2>&)
operator!=(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_pair.h:456:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::pair<_T1, _T2>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_algobase.h:67:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_iterator.h:311:5: note: candidate: template<class _Iterator> bool std::operator!=(const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&)
operator!=(const reverse_iterator<_Iterator>& __x,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_iterator.h:311:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_algobase.h:67:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_iterator.h:349:5: note: candidate: template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> bool std::operator!=(const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>&, const std::reverse_iterator<_IteratorR>&)
operator!=(const reverse_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_iterator.h:349:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::reverse_iterator<_Iterator>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_algobase.h:67:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_iterator.h:1130:5: note: candidate: template<class _IteratorL, class _IteratorR> bool std::operator!=(const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, const std::move_iterator<_IteratorR>&)
operator!=(const move_iterator<_IteratorL>& __x,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_iterator.h:1130:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_algobase.h:67:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/char_traits.h:39,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_iterator.h:1136:5: note: candidate: template<class _Iterator> bool std::operator!=(const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>&, const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>&)
operator!=(const move_iterator<_Iterator>& __x,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_iterator.h:1136:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::move_iterator<_IteratorL>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/string:41:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:42,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/allocator.h:158:5: note: candidate: template<class _T1, class _T2> bool std::operator!=(const std::allocator<_CharT>&, const std::allocator<_T2>&)
operator!=(const allocator<_T1>&, const allocator<_T2>&)
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/allocator.h:158:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::allocator<_CharT>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/string:41:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:42,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/allocator.h:164:5: note: candidate: template<class _Tp> bool std::operator!=(const std::allocator<_CharT>&, const std::allocator<_CharT>&)
operator!=(const allocator<_Tp>&, const allocator<_Tp>&)
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/allocator.h:164:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::allocator<_CharT>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/string:52:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:42,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:6044:5: note: candidate: template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> bool std::operator!=(const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&, const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&)
operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:6044:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/string:52:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:42,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:6057:5: note: candidate: template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> bool std::operator!=(const _CharT*, const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&)
operator!=(const _CharT* __lhs,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:6057:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: mismatched types ‘const _CharT*’ and ‘std::basic_istream<char>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/string:52:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:42,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:6069:5: note: candidate: template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc> bool std::operator!=(const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&, const _CharT*)
operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:6069:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
^
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/ios_base.h:46:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:42,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/system_error:319:3: note: candidate: bool std::operator!=(const std::error_code&, const std::error_code&)
operator!=(const error_code& __lhs, const error_code& __rhs) noexcept
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/system_error:319:3: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ to ‘const std::error_code&’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/system_error:323:3: note: candidate: bool std::operator!=(const std::error_code&, const std::error_condition&)
operator!=(const error_code& __lhs, const error_condition& __rhs) noexcept
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/system_error:323:3: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ to ‘const std::error_code&’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/system_error:327:3: note: candidate: bool std::operator!=(const std::error_condition&, const std::error_code&)
operator!=(const error_condition& __lhs, const error_code& __rhs) noexcept
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/system_error:327:3: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ to ‘const std::error_condition&’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/system_error:331:3: note: candidate: bool std::operator!=(const std::error_condition&, const std::error_condition&)
operator!=(const error_condition& __lhs,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/system_error:331:3: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ to ‘const std::error_condition&’
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/locale_facets.h:48:0,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/basic_ios.h:37,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ios:44,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/ostream:38,
from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/iostream:39,
from p3.7.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/streambuf_iterator.h:210:5: note: candidate: template<class _CharT, class _Traits> bool std::operator!=(const std::istreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits>&, const std::istreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits>&)
operator!=(const istreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits>& __a,
^~~~~~~~
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-cygwin/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/streambuf_iterator.h:210:5: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/unistd.h:14:0,
from /usr/include/unistd.h:4,
from p3.7.cpp:6:
p3.7.cpp:18:45: note: ‘std::basic_istream<char>’ is not derived from ‘const std::istreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits>’
if (cin.getline(line_input, MAX, '\n') != NULL) {
What is the mistake above I am doing. Do I need to include some header file which I have forgotten.