In general, you will need to catch that error, then populate http response object with it just the same as if you were sending successful response data back to the requestor.
Synchronous processing:
try {
// do my requested stuff
res.status(200).json({something:"returned"});
} catch(ex) {
res.status(500).json(ex);
};
Promises:
Promise.resolve()
.then(() => {
// do my requested stuff
// return my results stuff to the client
res.status(200).json({something:"returned"});
})
.catch((ex) => {
// return 500 error and exception data to the client
res.status(500).json(ex);
});
Also, as standard practice you should catch all errors, and at the very least, you should return a 500 to the browser res.status(500)
so you don't leave it hanging when unexpected issues arise.
And, of course you can return html rather than json, and/or more info in the response.
Good luck.