My env: Xcode 11.6 and Xcode 12 Beta 6, carthage 0.34.0
In my case, my company wants me to make build of our app out of Xcode 12 beta and see what's broken. I did it and encounter another bug that crippled the carthage. I fixed it by following this answer in the same thread.
Then I switched back to Xcode 11.6, the error started to appear
error: Couldn't IRGen expression, no additional error
The variable inspector works normally but debug console is useless without print or po. It took me some time to search in SO before I realized this might be related to carthage. Then I updated all my dependencies using the following command
carthage bootstrap --platform iOS --no-use-binaries --cache-builds
Then the debug resume normal and I can use print/po again