Assuming that you are interested to know what is the most recent commit on your files, this command will give that for a given file: git log -n 1 -- <your_filename>
.
To produce output like you wish, you can use this snippet:
for file in *; do
log=$(git log -n 1 --pretty=format:%H -- $file)
echo -e "$file\t$log"
done
..which is simply looping through the files in current folder and executing the git command, extracting just the SHA.
If you are interested in the first commit that put the file there instead of the last commit that touched the file, replace the git command with git log --diff-filter=A --pretty=format:%H
(see link)
If you are doing this repeatedly you can put the snippet in a shell script and add to your $PATH.
Warning: It might take a while to run if there are too many files. You can change the file pattern to restrict it if possible.