Welcome to SO ... to leverage this site hover your mouse over top of tag fft
on your question ... then click View tag
... then hit learn more
... then after reading the info page on fft hit Votes
to see the highest voted posts here on SO ... those questions/answers will get you into the ball park
I highly suggest you master the details explained here Discrete Fourier Transform - Simple Step by Step
An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform
https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/
Intuitive Understanding of the Fourier Transform and FFTs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjmwwDHT98c
An Intuitive Discrete Fourier Transform Tutorial
http://practicalcryptography.com/miscellaneous/machine-learning/intuitive-guide-discrete-fourier-transform/
How to get frequency from fft result?
I could go on mentioning nuggets from my notes however I will leave you with this excerpt from an excellent book
http://www.dspguide.com/ch10/6.htm
The Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) is the member of the Fourier transform family that operates on aperiodic,
discrete signals. The best way to understand the DTFT is how it relates to the DFT. To start, imagine that you
acquire an N sample signal, and want to find its frequency spectrum. By using the DFT, the signal can be
decomposed into sine and cosine waves, with frequencies equally spaced between zero and one-half of the
sampling rate. As discussed in the last chapter, padding the time domain signal with zeros makes the period
of the time domain longer, as well as making the spacing between samples in the frequency domain narrower.
As N approaches infinity, the time domain becomes aperiodic, and the frequency domain becomes a continuous signal.
This is the DTFT, the Fourier transform that relates an aperiodic, discrete signal, with a periodic,
continuous frequency spectrum