Date("z") gives you the day of the year.
Your "today" returns 180.
If we assume start and end is the start and end of current year then all you need is the date("z") to calculate the percentage.
Round the value to desired format and echo the percentage.
$today ="30/06/2018";
echo round(date("z", strtotime(str_replace("/", "-", $today)))/365*100,0) . "%";
// 49%
https://3v4l.org/EG6lt
I assume 365 days is enough accurate as a year.
You can use 365 + date("L")
instead of only 365 in the code above and it will add one if it's a leap year.
Meaning:
echo round(date("z", strtotime(str_replace("/", "-", $today)))/(365 + date("L"))*100,0) . "%";