This is about mime-sniffing. By setting the 'X-Content-Type: nosniff' http header on the web server you are telling browser clients to pay attention to image mime types because you will only intend to send correct mime details.
The mime type depends on the content-type header that comes down from the server when images are requested. You can see this with Fiddler and similar tracing tools.
In our case, there was a legacy image server program on the server that was used to add an additional layer of app-based security around file access. Basically a DIY prog written in VB6 but it could have been anything. Even our C# replacement in late-stage dev had the same issue.
This was sending the content-type as 'application/octet-stream', which is definitely nothing like 'image/jpg' or 'image/png' etc.
The combination of the server sending the X-content-type header and the image server sending its incorrect content type for the image data caused IE11 to decide that the image was not usable, and hence the black-box & white cross issue.
Solution:
- temp solution was to remove the X-content-type: nosniff from the web server config
- longer term solution was to modify the file server dll to send the appropriate content-type header for the file type being served. And re-instate 'X-content-type: nosniff' on web server!